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Marie Sophie Schwartz née Birath (4 July 1819 in Borås – 7 May 1894 in Stockholm), was a Swedish writer. She has been referred to as the most successful female writers of the late 19th-century in Sweden. ==Life== Marie Sophie Schwartz was the illegitimate daughter of the maidservant Carolina Birath and, likely, her employer, the married merchant Johan Daniel Broms in Borås. She was adopted by the custom official Johan Trozig (d. 1830) and his wife Gustafva Björk in Stockholm: she also had an adoptive sister, Albertina Birath, herself adopted. In her official biography, she stated that her mother was Albertina Björk and that her father died before she was born leaving them in poverty, thereby explaining her adoption. Her adoptive family was wealthy, though it went bankrupt after the death of her adoptive father. Wealthy relatives provided her with an education in a pension for girls from 1833 to 1834. The following years, she was given private tuition by benefactors and proved a talented painter, but she discontinued her painting after an illness in 1837. From 1840 to 1858, she lived with Gustaf Magnus Schwartz (1783-1858), professor of physic and technique, who was still formally (though separated) married to a Catholic and therefore could not marry her. They nonetheless lived together openly as married and she was commonly referred to as Mrs Schwartz, despite this never being her legal name, and she was officially accepted as his wife. She became the mother of two sons, Gustaf Albert Schwartz and Eugène Schwartz, and through the former the great grandmother of Sven Stolpe. Marie Sophie Schwartz wrote from an early age, but was not allowed to publish. She finally debuted under the psedonym ''Fru M.S.S.'' ("Mrs M.S.S") in 1851. She has a place as a female pioneer, as she was the second woman after Wendela Hebbe to be given a permanent position at a Swedish newspaper: she was employed in the serials department of the paper ''Svenska Tidningen Dagligt Allehanda'' from 1851 to 1859.〔Berger, Margareta, Pennskaft: kvinnliga journalister i svensk dagspress 1690–1975, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1977〕 After the death of Schwartz, she lived with her former ladies companion Emelie Krook (1828-1889) in Stockholm, were Krook and her adoptive sister Albertina Birath managed a private school for girls in their home. Schwartz financed the education of her sons, and when her son Albert married and created his own home in 1876, she discontinued her literary career and moved in with him with Krook. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Marie Sophie Schwartz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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